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روان شناسی و مشاوره::
ناتوانی یادگیری غیرکلامی
The focus will then turn to the different types of SLD, including reading disabilities (dyslexia), dis- orders of written expression (dysgraphia), mathematics disability (dyscalculia), and nonverbal learning disabilities.
Rourke and colleagues (2002) consider WS to share many of the same processing deficits as those with Non- verbal Learning Disabilities (NLD), especially in their language skills (strength, yet obvious weakness in pragmatics) and deficits in visuospatial functioning.
In addition to issues and concerns already discussed regarding a diagnosis of AS relative to other ASDs, such as autism, and HFA, there are also concerns noted due to similarities with other childhood disorders, namely, nonverbal learning disability (NLD), developmental right hemisphere syndrome (DRHS) and semantic-pragmatic disorder.
For an in-depth discussion of NLD and DRHS, the reader is referred to Chapter 8 on Specific Learning Disabilities.
It has been suggested that similarities between AS and NLD (DRHS) might be an important way of distinguishing AS (right hemisphere dysfunction) from more severe forms of autism, which typically have been linked to a left hemisphere dysfunction (Klin & Volkmar, 1997).
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